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New wastewater treatment technology to produce less sludge Central to wastewater treatment is the removal of organic matter occurring in the biological unit of the plant. This is usually performed by microbes (mainly bacteria) that degrade the organic matter under controlled conditions. However, this produces a sludge of
Operation costs are the expenses related to the operation, maintenance and monitoring of the plant - Operation costs can amount up to 50 % of the total annual costs. - The evaluation of operation costs during the evaluation of of process alternatives is of crucial importance. Composition of total annual costs for wastewater systems in Germany
