manufacturers of cationic polyacrylamide pam of Philippines
HEDP is widely used in a broad variety of applications, among others, as ingredients of detergents. Bonding Ca(II) ions, which deactivate the surfactants improves their cleaning process. Its ability to prevent precipitation of calcium salts (called the threshold effect) finds also wide application in water treatment for scale
Ten times at intervals of 1–2 months, individual treatment stages of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were analyzed for the five quantitatively most widely used phosphonates. The total dissolved concentration of the investigated phosphonates in the influents was between 131 µg/L and 384 µg/L. The nitrogen-free phosphonates 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) and 1