Chemical Degradation of Polyacrylamide during Hydraulic
Polyacrylamide (PAM) based friction reducers are a primary ingredient of slickwater hydraulic fracturing fluids. Little is known regarding the fate of these polymers under downhole conditions, which could have important environmental impacts including decisions on strategies for reuse or treatment of flowback water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical degradation of high
Abstract This study is to demonstrate the application potential of silica nanoparticles (SNP) in adsorption-entanglement of the fracturing fluid and the adsorption-blocking in the tight reservoir caused by hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG). An amount of
Polyacrylamide in hydraulic fracturing fluid causes severe
2.2. Synthetic flowback water. Synthetic flowback water was obtained by reacting the synthetic fracturing fluid with 25 g/L shale at 80 鈩?and 83 bar for 24 h simulating downhole conditions encountered in natural gas reservoirs. The variation in these conditions across different gas formations can be large , and its impact on polyacrylamide degradation was investigated previously.
Adsorption damage and control measures of slick-water fracturing fluid in shale reservoirs. Author links open And the oil and gas flow channels are reduced or even blocked by fracturing. It restricts the effect of fracturing seri- ously[15茂鈧?7]. Dis- crimination of types of polyacrylamide based on near infrared spectroscopy coupled
Chemical Degradation of Polyacrylamide during Hydraulic
Polyacrylamide (PAM) based friction reducers are a primary ingredient of slickwater hydraulic fracturing fluids. Little is known regarding the fate of these polymers under downhole conditions, which could have important environmental impacts including decisions on strategies for reuse or treatment of flowback water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical degradation of high
IKCEST - International Knowledge Centre for Engineering Sciences and Technology under the Auspices of UNESCO
Chemical Degradation of Polyacrylamide during Hydraulic
a slickwater fracturing fluid exposed to both a shale sample collected from a Marcellus shale outcrop and to Marcellus core samples at high pressures/temperatures (HPT) simulating downhole conditions. Based on size exclusion chromatography analyses, the peak molecular weight of the PAM was reduced by two orders of
The tri-cationic surfactant (VES-T) developed as a thickener for clean fracturing fluid was synthesized in a simple way with high yield (>96%). As far as we know, this is the first example of tri-cationic surfactant for the fracturing fluid. The main feedstock used in synthesis of the VES-T is erucic acid, which comes from the rapeseed.
Pore Structure Alteration Characteristics of Different
Hydraulic fracturing is widely applied to economic gas production from shale reservoirs, but the effect of the shale mineral composition on the physical-chemical reactions during hydraulic fracturing is still poorly understood. To develop a foundational understanding of chemical interactions occurring on shale with different mineralogical compositions, two different types of mineral
Wang et al. (2011). “CPAM dispersion synthesis,” BioResources 6(3), 3087-3095. 3087 A CATIONIC POLYACRYLAMIDE DISPERSION SYNTHESIS BY DISPERSION POLYMERIZATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION Yufeng Wang,a,b,* Kefu Chen,a Lihuan Mo,
Temperature Tolerant and Salt Resistant Polyacrylamide Anionic
CAS No.: 9003-05-8 . Polyacrylamide is, simply called PAM, a water- soluble high flocculant polymer and widely used in petroleum, paper-making, metallurgical, textile,sugar refing and environment protection fields. There are three categories of Anionic, Cationic and Non-ionic type.
COA Of CPAM Items Cationic Polyacrylamide Specifications Results Characteristics Appearance White Granule White Granule Filtering Ratio ≤2 1.5 Toxicity Non-toxic Non-toxic Solid Content ≥95% 95.6% Insoluble Deposit ≤0.2% 0.18% Molecular Weight (Million) 3-22 million Degree of Hydrolysis 30%-40% Residual Monomer ≤0.05% Charge Density
- What is a non hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PAM)?
- Non-hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PAM) and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) are frequently used in many industrial applications including waste water treatment processes (Guezennec et al. 2015 ), soil conditioning and erosion control (Levy and Warrington 2015 ), and oil and gas operations.
- What is partial hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?
- Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is a water-soluble polymer material used in oil fields [ 18, 19 ]. It usually has a linear structure with high molecular weight [ 20] and is obtained by partial hydrolysis of PAM or by copolymerization of sodium acrylate with acrylamide [ 21 ].
- Which polymer is used to produce partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)?
- PAM is used to produce partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), which is linear, anionic, water-soluble, stable, polymeric, and high molecular weight chain of acrylamide (C 3 H 5 NO) monomers (Bao et al., 2010; Braun et al., 2025; Liu et al., 2016; Xiong et al., 2018).
- What is high molecular weight polyacrylamide (PAM)?
- Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative High molecular weight (106–3 × 107 Da) polyacrylamide (PAM) is commonly used as a flocculant in water and wastewater treatment, as a soil conditioner, and as a viscosity modifier and friction reducer in both enhanced oil recovery and high volume hydraulic fracturing.
