non-ionic polyacrylamide for water treatment and mining in britain

non-ionic polyacrylamide for water treatment and mining in britain
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  • What is anionic polyacrylamide?
  • Anionic polyacrylamide is polymer with a large number of negatively charged moieties in the long chains of the PAM macromolecules. It can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of polyacrylamide neutral amide groups, which is shown in (3). This process occurs under moderate temperature by adding sodium hydroxide to the PAM solution [4, 6].
  • What is polyacrylamide (PAM) used for?
  • npj Clean Water 1, Article number: 17 ( 2018 ) Cite this article High molecular weight (10 6 –3 × 10 7 Da) polyacrylamide (PAM) is commonly used as a flocculant in water and wastewater treatment, as a soil conditioner, and as a viscosity modifier and friction reducer in both enhanced oil recovery and high volume hydraulic fracturing.
  • What is a nonionic polyacrylamide?
  • Despite being described as nonionic synthetic polyacrylamides obtained as a result of polymerization or copolymerization of acrylamides, often contain in their macromolecules about 1–3% of anionic groups . These groups are formed as a result of monomer amide groups hydrolysis.
  • What are the different types of polyacrylamide?
  • Polyacrylamides can be classified into nonionic, anionic, and cationic ones [4, 5]. Each of these types due to their properties is used in many industries, mainly in water treatment, mineral processing, or soil conditioning . Application areas of abovementioned polyacrylamide types depend on the specific function of the polymer needed.