water treatment chemicals: polyacrylamide widly in canada

water treatment chemicals: polyacrylamide widly in canada
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  • What are acrylamide and polyacrylamide used for?
  • Acrylamide and polyacrylamide (PAM) are used in diverse industrial processes, mainly the production of plastics, dyes, and paper, in the treatment of drinking water, wastewater, and sewage. Besides inorganic form, acrylamide is formed naturally in certain starchy foods that were heated to cook a temperature above 120 °C for elongated time.
  • Are acrylamide flocculants safe for drinking water?
  • Considering drinking water, both flocculants dose and free acrylamide monomer levels in polyacrylamide flocculants should be limited and kept under control when using for water treatment purposes. The global ecological risk posed by acrylamide is still uncertain since longer-term studies are deficient.
  • Can acrylamide contaminate drinking water?
  • Available monitoring data are insufficient to confirm this. The most important source of drinking-water contamination by acrylamide is the use of polyacrylamide flocculants containing residual levels of acrylamide monomer. Generally, the maximum authorized dose of polymer is 1 mg/l.
  • Can cationic polyacrylamides be used in water treatment?
  • This applies to both the anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamides, but residual levels from cationic polyacrylamides may be higher. Acrylamide was detected at levels of <5 μg/l in both river water and tap water in an area where polyacrylamides were used in the treatment of potable water.