biodegradation of polyacrylamide and its derivatives in saudi arabia

biodegradation of polyacrylamide and its derivatives in saudi arabia
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  • Can polyacrylamide be bioremediated?
  • Although polyacrylamide (PAM) and its derivatives have many useful applications, their release in nature can have impacts on the environment and human health, thus bioremediation approaches for residual PAM are urgently needed.
  • Can acrylamide be biodegraded?
  • Biodegradation of PAM and its derivatives has been studied only in the last two decades, with most emphasis on acrylamide biodegradation. Microorganisms have been shown to utilize, not only acrylamide, but also PAM and its derivatives as the sole source of nitrogen and/or carbon under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.
  • How is polyacrylate recalcitrant to biodegradation?
  • Therefore, enzymes are secreted into the extracellular space to execute PAM degradation. Although the remaining polyacrylate is more recalcitrant to biodegradation than the amide group, there are reports on degradation of polyacrylate by aerobic fungal, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria ( Nyyssölä and Ahlgren, 2019 ).
  • Does biological filtration improve polyacrylamide biodegradation?
  • Freedman, D. E. et al. Biologically active filtration for fracturing flowback and produced water treatment. J. Water Process Eng. 18, 29–40 (2017). Dai, X. et al. Waste-activated sludge fermentation for polyacrylamide biodegradation improved by anaerobic hydrolysis and key microorganisms involved in biological polyacrylamide removal.