low price of synthesis and application of nonionic polyacrylamide

low price of synthesis and application of nonionic polyacrylamide
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  • Can nonionic polyacrylamide be used as a gel fracturing fluid?
  • Nonionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) with controlled molecular weight was successfully synthesized as a gel fracturing fluid by aqueous solution polymerization.
  • What is copper-catalyzed controlled polymerization of acrylamide?
  • Copper-catalyzed controlled polymerization of acrylamide (AM) has always been a challenge, which typically exhibits low monomer conversion and broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) or requires complex/multistep reaction procedures, due to the highly active nature of the AM radical and its side reactions.
  • Why is anionic polyacrylamide chosen?
  • Anionic polyacrylamide is chosen because the intramolecular electrostatic repulsion between polymer segments forces the polymer chains to adopt a more extended conformation, increasing the efficiency of bridging flocculation.
  • Why is redox-initiated polymerization a low monomer conversion?
  • Although less initiator might be used in the redox-initiated polymerization to reduce the concentration of radicals and increase the molecule weight, the quickly consumption of initiator will also lead to low monomer conversion, like the AM conversion in Fig. 6 is lower than those in Figs. 3 – 5.