Wastewater treatment plants as chemical observatories
T1 - Wastewater treatment plants as chemical observatories to forecast ecological and human health risks of manmade chemicals. AU - Venkatesan, Arjun K. AU - Halden, Rolf. PY - 2014/1/16. Y1 - 2014/1/16
Wastewater Treatment Plants as Chemical Observatories to Forecast Ecological and Human Health Risks of Manmade Chemicals Abstract Thousands of chemicals have been identified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), but prioritizing them concerning ecological and human health risks is challenging.
Wastewater treatment plants as chemical observatories
Wastewater treatment plants as chemical observatories to forecast ecological and human health risks of manmade chemicals. Venkatesan AK(1), Halden RU(1). Author information: (1)Center for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Security and Defense Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, 781 E. Terrace Road, Tempe, AZ 85287.
Most chemicals used in consumer products are ultimately washed down the drain and are collected in municipal sewers (Fig. 1). Efficient chemical monitoring at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) thus may provide up-to-date information on chemical usage rates for epidemiological assessments.
Wastewater Treatment Plants as Chemical Observatories
Wastewater Treatment Plants as Chemical Observatories to Forecast Ecological and Human Health Risks of Manmade Chemicals Article (PDF Available) in Scientific Reports 4:3731 · January 2014
The wastewater treatment plant of Porto Tolle (RO, Italy) was originally projected for 2200 person equivalent (p.e.) and it was made of a pumping station, an activated sludge oxidation tank (395
Small wastewater treatment plants in Italy: situation
The choice between centralization and decentralization of wastewater treatment depends on many factors and requires a case-specific approach. In Italy, 92% of plants have a potentiality of less than 10,000 p.e., but altogether they treat 31% of total pollutant load.
Wastewater Treatment Plants as Chemical Observatories to Forecast Ecological and Human Health Risks of Manmade Chemicals Article (PDF Available) in Scientific Reports 4:3731 · January 2014
Wastewater Treatment Plants as Chemical Observatories
Thousands of chemicals have been identified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), but prioritizing them concerning ecological and human health risks is challenging. We explored the use of sewage treatment plants as chemical observatories to conveniently identify persistent and bioaccumulative CECs, including toxic organohalides.
Sample collection and processing. Samples were collected at four wastewater treatment plants. One plant was located in northern Italy (plant 1, located in the city of Bergamo, Lombardy region), and three plants were located in southern Italy (plant 2, city of Naples, Campania region; plant 3, city of Cagliari, Sardinia region; and plant 4, city of Palermo, Sicily region).
Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Sewage Treatment Plants in Italy
A listing of “priority pharmaceuticals” for human use in Italy resulted in the selection of 26 pharmaceuticals, belonging to 11 therapeutic classes. They were analyzed by liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry, their occurrence was assessed in six sewage treatment plants (STPs), and the loads and the removal rates (RR) were studied.
The main physico-chemical properties of wastewater met the Italian standards for irrigation reuse. • Quantity and quality of crops were not affected by wastewater. • No impact of wastewater on chemical properties of irrigated soil was observed. • Low level of fecal indicator was found in plants, tomato fruits and broccoli heads.
- How do you gelate polyacrylamide?
- One approach to gelation is to form a bulk gel in situ by injecting a slug of a Polyacrylamide polymer solution containing chromium (VI) followed by a polymer slug containing a reducing agent such as sodium bisulfite. Upon mixing, CR (VI) is reduced to Cr (III), and in the subsequent reaction a gel is formed.
- What is a compound crosslinked hydrolyzed polyacrylic amide (HPAM) weak gel?
- Compound crosslinked hydrolyzed polyacrylic amide (HPAm) weak gels weresynthesized by an in situ crosslinking method using Cr (III) acetate and methanal as crosslinkers. The weak gels were crosslinked by both covalent bonds and coordination bonds.
- What are gelled polymers?
- Gelled polymers are being applied to modify the movement of injected fluids in the vicinity of injection and production wells in secondary and enhanced oil-recovery projects.
- Why is HPAM-Cr(III) acetate the most widely applied gel?
- Gel containing HPAm and Cr (III) acetate has been one of the most widely applied gels because HPAm–Cr (III) acetate gel hasgood stability at over a wide range of temperature and pH (from 3.3 to 12.5) [ 6, 7 ]. However, the gelation rate of the HPAm gels only crosslinked by the simple Cr (III) in solution is too fast to control.
