cost of cationic polyacrylamide water retention of Egypt

cost of cationic polyacrylamide water retention of Egypt
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  • Can cationic polyacrylamide be used in oilfield wastewater treatment?
  • Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) solid particle is one of the most commonly used organic polymer flocculants in oilfield wastewater treatment, but it poses some problems, such as a slow dissolution rate and an easy formation into a “fish-eye” in the process of diluting into aqueous solution.
  • Does cationic polyacrylamide reduce algal removal in a high rate algal pond?
  • This study investigated the effect of a continuous low dosing of cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) to achieve efficient algal removal from a 1-ha High Rate Algal Pond (HRAP) treating domestic wastewater in New Zealand. Firstly, standard jar tests were conducted in laboratory conditions.
  • How much cationic polyacrylamide should be used for sludge treatment?
  • For sludge treatments, consumption of a cationic polyacrylamide of 5.4 g·kg −1 of total solids is found to be the best economical solution . Several studies were made, following life cycle analyses, to evaluate energy consumption of wastewater treatment (e.g., Tillman et al. , Hospido et al. and Wenzel et al. ).
  • Why are cationic surfactants used in polyacrylamide adsorption?
  • This is due to the addition of cationic surfactants in the suspension, as cationic surfactants can assist the polyacrylamide adsorption of suspended particles in wastewater through electrostatic action, whereby the more negatively charged suspended particles are in wastewater, the more pronounced is this auxiliary flocculation effect [ 36 ].