Polyacrylamide degradation and its implications
The hydrolyzed form of polyacrylamide (HPAM), a co-polymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, is the most widely used anionic PAM in oil and gas development as well as in soil conditioning. 1,9,12,21
Grupo de Investigación en Fenómenos de Superficie—Michael Polanyi, Departamento de Procesos y Energía, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, 050034, Medellín, Colombia
Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide
In this research, we mainly studied the effects of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPAM) on crude oil interfacial properties; this is important in studying the stabilization mechanism of produced fluids with polymer and oil/water separation.
In this research, we mainly studied the effects of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPAM) on crude oil interfacial properties; this is important in studying the stabilization mechanism of produced fluids with polymer and oil/water separation.
Flows of dilute hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions
Flows of dilute hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions in porous media under various solvent conditions. F. Durst. The polymer products employed in this study consisted of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM) with different degrees of hydrolysis. The effect of the hydrolysis on the pressure drop is investigated in a porous media
For oil field applications, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the most widely used polymer. HPAM must maintain high viscosity to achieve good oil recovery. In reality, however, polymers can be severely degraded by shearing and heat in the underground environment. This phenomenon is studied in this paper.
Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Influence of pH
Linked polymer solution (LPS) is a nanoparticle system that consists of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) cross-linked by aluminum(III). The source of aluminum is an aluminum citrate (AlCit) complex, where citrate serves as a carrier ligand.
High temperature and a high salt content in oil reservoirs significantly decrease the performance of polymer flooding. In this work, the viscoelastic properties of a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution with and without salt (NaCl) and at two different temperatures (35 °C and 70 °C) were evaluated using rheological approaches.
Synthesis and evaluation of partially hydrolysed
Poly Fractionation of polyacrylamide acrylamide n III IV Y,%M Y,% M M Y, % M I 30 3.10 33 2.10 35 3.10 2 11.10 II 30 2.10 20 2.10 40 2.10 10 11.10 III 10 6.10 20 5.10 25 4.10 45 13.10 Y=yield.,M =molecular weight. lution at 60°C for 8-10 h till the evolution of am-monia gas ceases. Calculated quantity of NaOH solution was used. The hydrolyzed
Microorganisms produce a polyacrylamide induced amidase to deaminate PAM . Few studies showed that bacteria can utilize or partly utilize PAM as a carbon source [16,17]. Several strains that partially use hydrolyzed PAM as the nitrogen and carbon source was also discovered [18,19].
Empirical Correlations for Viscosity of Polyacrylamide
Apparent viscosity measurements have been made to characterize the effects of shear rate and temperature on the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions. The power-law model for the viscosity behavior has been modified to develop empirical correlations that combine effects of shear rate and temperature.
The gelation time of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide-hexamine-pyrocatechol gel systems decreases with increasing the cross linker concentration and temperature. Gelation time is a controllable parameter from a few minutes to several days which depends on concentration of polymer and crosslinkers, pH and salinity.
- Is there intramolecular catalysis of polyacrylamide and acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymers?
- CONCLUSIONS We have carried out some experimental investigations of hydrolysis of polyacrylamide and acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymers over a range of pH where the mechanism has not already been elucidated. Our results confirm the existence of intramolecular catalysis by undissociated neighbouring carboxylate groups at low pH.
- What is the hydrolysis of acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymers?
- Compagnie Franise des Pdtroles, Centre de Recherche de Beauplan, Route de Versailles, 78470 St-Remy les Cheweuse, France (Received 26 June 1987; accepted 5 November 1987) The hydrolysis of acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymers has been studied as a function of pH and of the initial composition of the samples.
- What is the hydrolysis of polyamides?
- Abstract The hydrolysis of polyamides has been studied in buffered acid solution at 110°C. at an amide concentration of 0.05 M. In the case of polyacrylamide, the reaction was carried out in acetat... Hydrolysis of polyacrylamide and acrylic acid–acrylamide copolymers - Smets - 1959 - Journal of Polymer Science - Wiley Online Library
- What is the acceleration effect of polyacrylamide hydrolysis?
- (ii) Constant pH. In Figure 14 some predictions of hydrolysis kinetics of polyacrylamide are given for different constant pH and three values of Z. These simulations correspond to a polymer concentration of 8 x 10-4gcm-3 and T= 80. The acceleration effect is significant for pH up to 7 and becomes negligible for higher pH.
