experiment 2: characterization of polyacrylamide (pam) in singapore

experiment 2: characterization of polyacrylamide (pam) in singapore
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  • What is polyacrylamide (PAM)?
  • Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a long chain, linear, water soluble polymeric substance formed from acrylamide (C 3 H 5 NO) subunits, has a high molecular weight of typically from few 1000 to 20 × 10 6 g/mol, and has a very high viscosity in aqueous solutions, depending on the concentration and the degree of polymerization (Sojka et al. 2007).
  • What is the molecular weight of Pam?
  • The molecular weight (MW) of commercial PAM ranges from 10 5 to >10 7 Da. High MW PAM (>10 6 Da) has a wider range of applications due to its high viscosity, drag reduction capabilities, and water retention characteristics. 6, 7, 8 PAM is widely used in environmental systems including: 1. 2. 3.
  • Does Pam solvated with Fe 3+ release acrylamide?
  • It was found that PAM solvated with Fe 3+ generated ppb levels of acrylamide after exposure to sunlight under acidic conditions (pH 6). They concluded that release of acrylamide would be insignificant at low levels of iron (<0.02 mg/L) under alkaline (7.5–8.5) conditions.
  • Can polyacrylamide be bioremediated?
  • Although polyacrylamide (PAM) and its derivatives have many useful applications, their release in nature can have impacts on the environment and human health, thus bioremediation approaches for residual PAM are urgently needed.