dry polyacrylamide friction reducer: not just for slick water

dry polyacrylamide friction reducer: not just for slick water
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  • Do friction reducers affect slickwater?
  • Friction reducers (FRs) play a vital role in large-displacement shale hydraulic fracturing. This paper reviews the drag reduction (DR) mechanism of FRs, its development and application, and its effect on slickwater. Existing problems involving solubility, salt tolerance, reservoir damage and viscosity of slickwater are summarized.
  • What are friction reducers in slickwater fracturing?
  • Friction reducers (FRs) are the key component in a slickwater fracturing fluid, which can reduce the energy loss in fluid transportation and reduce the surface pumping pressure (Ibrahim et al. 2016; Zelenev et al. 2009). The addition of polymer can result in the apparent drag reduction.
  • Which acrylamide polymers are used in hydraulic fracturing?
  • Cationic, anionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic acrylamide polymers and copolymers can be synthesized as desired. Anionic PAM is the most widely used reducer with excellent DR performance and low cost for hydraulic fracturing of shale gas formations. Polyacrylamide FRs are generally provided in dry powder and emulsion.
  • Do pre-hydrated dry friction reducers reduce fracturing pressures?
  • Finally, a case study comparison of liquid vs. dry friction reducer is presented. Results, Observations, Conclusions: The pre-hydrated dry friction reducers reduced fracturing pressures by more than 1,000 psi at equivalent polymer loadings, substantially lowering costs.