sulphate removal/wastewater treatment/recycling at monaco

sulphate removal/wastewater treatment/recycling at monaco
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  • Is sulfate a problem in wastewater treatment?
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) constrained a 250 mg/L sulfate concentration in household water. Consequently, wastewater treatment containing sulfate is of prime concern in water research. Up till now, extensive research, including both chemical and biological methods, has been done for the sulfate remediation.
  • Can a sulfate removal process produce clean water?
  • Veolia Technologies ( Veolia, n.d) developed a sulfate removal process to treat sulfur-rich effluent and produce clean water. Their studies claimed that after treating the mine wastewater (>1800 mg/L sulfur content), they could achieve recycled water with a sulfur content of up to 100 mg/L.
  • How to remove sulfate from mine effluent?
  • Bosman et al. (1990) also investigated the removal of sulfate from mine effluent by precipitating barium sulfate with barium sulfide (BaS) and thermally reducing it for 20 minutes at 1200°C. The effluent was first neutralized and clarified with aqueous calcium carbonate and BaS solution to remove the sulfur as Barium sulfate.
  • How to remove sulphate from wastewater?
  • Membrane technology is another most interesting process for sulphate removal from wastewater, it can reject the sulphate and produce the drinking water. However, membrane technique is very expensive and requires regular maintenance. In future studies it should be focused on Cost analysis between membrane technologies.