wastewater production/treatment/and irrigation in russia

wastewater production/treatment/and irrigation in russia
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  • What is the current state of water supply and sanitation in Russia?
  • The majority of the water supply and sanitation systems in the Russian Federation were constructed during the 1970s to 1980s and due to physical and technological wear, require replacement or modernization. The current state of water supply and sanitation infrastructure has an adverse impact on the environmental situation in the country.
  • How is global wastewater production estimated?
  • Where unavailable, data are estimated using multiple linear regression. Country-level wastewater data are subsequently downscaled and validated at 5 arcmin (∼10 km) resolution. This study estimates global wastewater production at 359.4×109 m3 yr−1, of which 63 % (225.6×109 m3 yr−1) is collected and 52 % (188.1×109 m3 yr−1) is treated.
  • Does Russia have a water problem?
  • Russia is endowed with one-fifth of the world’s fresh water resources, however, faces challenges with discharge of untreated wastewater into its water bodies.
  • What percentage of global wastewater is treated?
  • Country-level wastewater data are subsequently downscaled and validated at 5 arcmin ( ∼10 km) resolution. This study estimates global wastewater production at 359.4×109 m3 yr−1, of which 63 % ( 225.6×109 m3 yr−1) is collected and 52 % ( 188.1×109 m3 yr−1) is treated.