lesson c2 operation costs of wastewater treatment plants at germany

lesson c2 operation costs of wastewater treatment plants at germany
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  • How good is water/waste water management in Germany?
  • The situation of water/waste water management in Germany is characterized through a high connection rate of 99 % for drinking water and 95 % for wastewater (Eurostat 2013a, b ). The quality of the system can be identified as good or even very good. For most countries in Europe, the connection rates are comparable, ranging between 75 and 100 %.
  • How many mg a 1 is a German waste incineration plant?
  • The plant sizes of the German waste incineration plants vary between 50,000 Mg a −1 and 780,000 Mg a −1. Most plants are operated in combined heat and power (CHP) generation, with some transferring the generated process steam to external plants for power generation and heat utilization (each noted as a footnote in Table 1 – CHP operation is shown).
  • Do drugs occur in German sewage treatment plants and rivers?
  • Ternes T (1998) Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers. Water Res 32 (11):3245–3260 Ternes T (2000) Residues of pharmaceuticals, diagnostics and antiseptics in wastewater, rivers and ground water—A new challenge for the water technology. Habilitation at Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
  • How is sewage sludge combusted in Germany?
  • Annual energy input in German waste wood incineration plants and generated electricity and heat in PJ a −1 ( Flamme et al., 2018 ). In addition to co-firing in cement works and coal-fired power plants (see below), sewage sludge is combusted in 20 mono-incineration plants in Germany. These mainly treat sludge that arises in municipalities.