which is the best high quality wastewater treatment chinafloc

which is the best high quality wastewater treatment chinafloc
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  • Should wastewater treatment plants in China be upgraded to meet new discharge standards?
  • Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China must be upgraded to meet new discharge standards, but this incurs both economic and environmental costs and benefits. To select the optimal upgrade pathway, we developed ten upgrade paths based on two common decision-making scenarios for WWTP upgrade in developing countries.
  • What is the optimal path for wastewater treatment?
  • Synthesis of the results The optimal path for wastewater treatment varied depending on the standard used. Sand filtration and CWs were the optimal treatment paths when meeting the lower water quality standard, while combination processes performed better in scenario meeting the more stringent standard.
  • Should wastewater treatment be expanded?
  • To meet the increasingly stringent pollutant discharge standards, it is necessary to expand the existing wastewater treatment with additional tertiary treatment, such as conventional chemical phosphorus removal and biological nutrient removal processes ( Rahman et al., 2016) or constructed wetlands (CWs) ( Liang et al., 2017 ).
  • Are CWS a viable alternative to tertiary treatment?
  • When considering only environmental impact or economic costs, paths involving CWs were optimal in both scenarios, and furthermore improving the secondary process was also an effective way to achieve upgrade objectives, as it avoids the power and chemical consumption of tertiary treatment.