high efficiency wastewater treatment sciencedirect in brazil

high efficiency wastewater treatment sciencedirect in brazil
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  • What percentage of wastewater is treated in Brazil?
  • According to data from the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS) published in 2025 [ 13 ], the country collected an average of 55.8% of the wastewater produced in the country ( Figure 2 ), of which only 51.2% was treated. Figure 2. Sanitation coverage in Brazil (2025). Source: BRASIL, 2025 [ 13 ].
  • What stage is Brazil at in wastewater management?
  • Conclusions The aim of this article is to show the path toward sustainability in wastewater management and what stage Brazil is at. It shows that Brazil is still at stage 1 (prevention of or reduction in pollution at the source), although it has already achieved some items related to stage 2 (wastewater collection and treatment).
  • What percentage of WWTPs use treated effluent?
  • Only 3.6% of the WWTPs used the treated effluent. The sludge generated during the treatment process received treatment in 50.1% of the municipalities with WWTPs in operation. In the Midwest, Southeast, North, and Northeast, 13.9% of municipalities disposed of the treated or untreated sludge in landfills.
  • What is tertiary treatment in WWTPs in Brazil?
  • This is the most common type of treatment in WWTPs in Brazil. The last stage is tertiary treatment (physical–chemical process), which removes dissolved and suspended inorganic solids, pathogens, nitrogen, phosphorous, and other non-biodegradable compounds [ 16 ].