industrial wastewater treatment/recycling and reuse at thailand

industrial wastewater treatment/recycling and reuse at thailand
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  • Is reclaimed wastewater a criterion for wastewater reuse in Thailand?
  • Given that Thailand currently has no criterion for the quality of reclaimed wastewater in the agricultural sector, surface water quality standards for agriculture or industrial effluent standards are recommended as a reference criterion for wastewater reuse in agriculture instead (Department of Industrial Works 2021).
  • How many wastewater treatment plants are there in Thailand?
  • In 2017, Thailand had 97 active central municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), covering 55 of the country's 77 provinces (Pollution Control Department 2017b). However, only a small number of treatment systems have installed chlorine disinfection systems beyond secondary treatment, which are suitable for reuse purposes.
  • Can wastewater be reused in Thailand?
  • In addition, recycling wastewater in the tourism industry usually relies on environmental conservation for recreation, particularly on islands with drought problems (UN ESCAP 2017). This is thus another emerging driver of the reuse of treated wastewater in Thailand.
  • Are Thai municipal WWTPs reusing treated wastewater?
  • The results of survey and evaluation reports regarding Thai municipal WWTPs' reuse of treated wastewater at the provincial level from 2013 to 2017 are presented in Table 4 (Office of the Environment Region 1-16 2016; Pollution Control Department 2017b; Office of Strategy and Evaluation 2025).