Biodegradation of Polyacrylamide and Its Derivatives
Biodegradation of PAM and its derivatives has been studied only in the last two decades, with most emphasis on acrylamide biodegradation. Microorganisms have been shown to utilize, not only acrylamide, but also PAM and its derivatives as the sole source of nitrogen and/or carbon under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.
Bao, M., Chen, Q., Li, Y., and Jiang, G. 2010. Biodegradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide by bacteria isolated from production water after polymer flooding in an oil field. Journal of Hazardous Materials 184(1–3): 105–110.
Polyacrylamide degradation and its implications
Biodegradation of PAM occurs as microorganisms utilize the amide group of the polymer as a nitrogen source and/or the carbon backbone as a carbon source. 19,86 The amide group can be hydrolyzed by
The special function bacteria R2 was screened from hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)‐containing wastewater that could use HPAM as the sole carbon source and nitrogen source. Through optimizing the condition of HPAM biodegradation, the removal rate of R2 free strain reached to 41.6% when pH was 7, temperature was 35°C, inoculation quantity (v
Polyacrylamide degradation and its implications
Abstract High molecular weight (106–3 × 107 Da) polyacrylamide (PAM) is commonly used as a flocculant in water and wastewater treatment, as a soil conditioner, and as a viscosity modifier and
PAM biodegradation in high-solid anaerobic digestion for sewage sludge The time course of the acylamino content as deaminate degradation in anaerobic digestion was shown in Fig. 3 (1). 35.9% removal of the initial PAM represented by the acylamino content in the anaerobic digestion was achieved during the 26-day cultivation.
Biodegradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide
Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) in production water after polymer flooding in oil filed causes environmental problems, such as increases the difficulty in oil-water separation, degrades naturally to produce toxic acrylamide and endanger local ecosystem. Biodegradation of HPAM may be an efficient way to solve these problems. The biodegradability of HPAM in an aerobic environment was...
The special function bacteria R2 was screened from hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)‐containing wastewater that could use HPAM as the sole carbon source and nitrogen source. Through optimizing the condition of HPAM biodegradation, the removal rate of R2 free strain reached to 41.6% when pH was 7, temperature was 35°C, inoculation quantity (v
Photocatalytic degradation of poly(ethylene oxide)
Sheng Huang, Zaoyuan Li, Chen Chen, Shizhong Tang, Xiaowei Cheng, Xiaoyang Guo, Synergetic activation of persulfate by heat and Fe(II)-complexes for hydrolyzed polyacrylamide degradation at high pH condition: Kinetics, mechanism, and application potential for filter cake removal during cementing in CO2 storage wells, Science of The Total
Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide biotransformation in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor system: key enzymes, functional microorganisms, and biodegradation mechanisms. Zhao L, Song T, Han D, Bao M, Lu J. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 42(6):941-951, 28 Feb 2025 Cited by: 0 articles | PMID: 30820666
Biodegradation for hydrolyzed polyacrylamide
Biodegradation for hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in the anaerobic baffled reactor combined aeration tank. Highlights•HPAM removal efficiency was evaluated by multiple testing means.•Molecular weight of products was about 1/5000 of the original HPAM molecular weight.•Reduction of TOC proved HPAM can be utilized as C-source by microorganisms.•Reduction of amide group concentration proved
Polyacrylamide (PAM) based friction reducers are a primary ingredient of slickwater hydraulic fracturing fluids. Little is known regarding the fate of these polymers under downhole conditions, which could have important environmental impacts including decisions on strategies for reuse or treatment of flowback water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical degradation of high
- What is sodium gluconate?
- Find your regional contact . Sodium gluconate is the sodium salt of gluconic acid, produced by fermentation of glucose. It is a white to tan, granular to fine, crystalline powder, very soluble in water. Non corrosive, non-toxic and readily biodegradable (98 % after 2 days), sodium gluconate is more and more appreciated as chelating agent.
- Is sodium gluconate a good aqueous solution?
- Aqueous solutions of sodium gluconate are resistant to oxidation and reduction, even at high temperatures. However, it is easily degraded biologically (98 % after 2 days), and thus presents no wastewater problem. Sodium gluconate is also a highly efficient set retarder and a good plasticiser / water reducer for concrete, mortar and gypsum.
- Why is gluconic acid sold as sodium gluconate?
- More than 80% of gluconic acid and gluconates is sold as sodium gluconate, which is the main product of commerce. This is due to the outstanding property of forming stable complexes with various metal ions, especially in alkaline solutions.
- What is the E number of sodium gluconate?
- It is the sodium salt of gluconic acid. Its E number is E576. This white, water-soluble powder has a wide range of applications across industries. Originally derived from gluconic acid in the 19th century, Sodium Gluconate is known for its chelating properties and is utilized as a chelating agent in various processes.
