Visual Confirmation of the Elasticity Dependence
The viscoelasticity of polymers is known to contribute significantly toward improved displacement efficiency in polymer flood operations. But the contribution of elasticity of viscoelastic polymers in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) still remains largely unexplored. The majority of literature available on polymer-aided EOR, in general, talks about the role played by viscoelasticity of polymers on
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a hydrolyzed polyacrylamide additive, produced by hydrolysis of an emulsified acrylamide polymer, which may be used as an additive in the secondary recovery of oil to obtain results superior to the results obtained with hydrolyzed polyacrylamide produced by solution hydrolysis or copolymerization.
US4034809A - Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide latices
The water treating medium comprises an acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer formed by hydrolyzing a water-in-oil emulsion containing from 2-75% by weight of finely divided acrylamide polymer to the extent that between 0.8 and about 67% of the amide groups originally present in the acrylamide polymer are converted into carboxyl groups.
For oil field applications, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the most widely used polymer. HPAM must maintain high viscosity to achieve good oil recovery. In reality, however, polymers can be severely degraded by shearing and heat in the underground environment. This phenomenon is studied in this paper.
Appraising the impact of metal-oxide nanoparticles
Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is one of the most widely used polymers for enhanced oil recovery operations. However, high temperature and high salinity in oil reservoirs restrict its
In this respect, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) has become the most widely used polymer for enhanced oil recovery because of its low-price, good viscous properties, and well-known physicochemical characteristics.
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This research aims to test four new polymers for their stability under high salinity/high hardness conditions for their possible use in polymer flooding to improve oil recovery from hydrocarbon reservoirs. The four sulfonated based polyacrylamide co-polymers were FLOCOMB C7035; SUPERPUSHER SAV55; THERMOASSOCIATIF; and AN132 VHM which are basically sulfonated polyacrylamide copolymers of AM
A New Thermally Stable Synthetic Polymer for Harsh
A great number of Middle East fields have too harsh reservoir conditions (high temperature, high salinity) for conventional EOR polymers used as mobility control agents. Traditional synthetic polymers such as partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) are not thermally stable. At temperatures above 70掳C, acrylamide moieties hydrolyze to acrylate groups which ultimately may lead to precipitation and total loss of viscosifying power.
A method for reducing the quantity of water recovered from a subterranean formation which is penetrated by at least one well bore wherein the formation permeability to water is corrected, yielding prolonged mobility control and/or plugging, achieved through injecting aqueous polymer solutions interspaced with ionic solutions of polymer-complexing cations and brine.
Evaluation of Alkali/Surfactant/Polymer Flooding
An anionic hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer flooding has a positive effect on separation in the presence of low water cut and light crude oil emulsion. Polymer shows a positive effect on separation but the clarity (light transmission fraction) of the separated water is reduced.
Intermediate crude oil from one of Sarawak oilfield, Malaysia supplied by Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd was used for the experiment. The properties of the crude oil are itemised in Table 3 . Table 2 .
- Which wastewater treatment scheme is still used in steel industry?
- The conventional wastewater treatment scheme (primary-secondary-tertiary stage) is still used for treating wastewater in steel industries (Pal, 2017).
- How is wastewater treated in the steel industry?
- The steel industry generates a large quantum of wastewater which requires the selection of appropriate treatment technologies based on different parameters i.e., source, composition, the concentration of contaminants, and discharge standards.
- What technologies are used to treat wastewater generated from steel industries?
- Technologies adopted for treating wastewater generated from steel industries are deliberated, focusing on coking wastewater treatment. Microbial mediated processes provide an effective means of degrading the contaminants, but the toxicity of certain compounds during higher pollutant load inhibits its further treatment.
- Can integrated treatment systems treat iron and steel industry wastewater?
- In another study, Huang et al. (2011) evaluated the performance of an integrated treatment system (CW + UF + RO) to treat iron and steel industry wastewater. The test results showed that the Fe and Mn concentration and the silt density index in the CW effluent declined to 0.005 mg/L, 0.004 mg/L, and 4.71, respectively.
