polyacrylamide granules/polyacrylamide granules in luxembourg

polyacrylamide granules/polyacrylamide granules in luxembourg
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  • What is polyacrylamide (PAM)?
  • Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a long chain, linear, water soluble polymeric substance formed from acrylamide (C 3 H 5 NO) subunits, has a high molecular weight of typically from few 1000 to 20 × 10 6 g/mol, and has a very high viscosity in aqueous solutions, depending on the concentration and the degree of polymerization (Sojka et al. 2007).
  • Can a batch reactor cultivate polyacrylamide-degrading granules?
  • Sequencing batch reactors have been used to cultivate polyacrylamide-degrading granules. Liu et al. (2012) claim that the cultivated aerobic granules, consisting mainly of bacilli and filamentous bacteria, were able to use polyacrylamide both as the sole carbon and nitrogen source.
  • Does polyacrylamide decrease oxygen demand during the incubation of granules?
  • Furthermore, the chemical oxygen demand decreased during the incubation of the granules in the presence of polyacrylamide. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed that the main intermediate of degradation was polyacrylic acid, consisting of seven monomers ( Liu et al., 2012 ).
  • How are polyacrylamides deaminated to polyacrylates?
  • Polyacrylamides are first deaminated to polyacrylates by microbial amidases. Remaining polyacrylates are more recalcitrant to degradation. Polyacrylamide degradation has mainly been reported for aerobic bacteria. With fungi the degradation is initiated by secreted lignin degrading oxidases.