pulp paper – wastewater treatment – chemicals in singapore

pulp paper – wastewater treatment – chemicals in singapore
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  • How does the pulp & paper industry use water?
  • The pulp and paper industry consumes enormous amounts of water and natural resources and is also one of the largest effluents generators. Before the 1970s, wastewaters from the pulp and paper mills were normally discharged directly to the rivers or lakes, without any treatment or even a rough primary treatment.
  • Why is pulp & paper industry a water pollution hazard?
  • Pulp and paper industry is coming under one of the most water polluting industries, and generated wastewater is highly toxic in nature. The paper mill requires huge quantity (~50–60 m 3 of water to produce one ton of paper) of water, and accordingly huge quantity of chemical contaminated wastewater is discharged.
  • How to remove contaminants from paper & pulp industry?
  • Biological methods can be used to remove contaminants from the wastewater obtained from the paper and pulp industry ( Paździor, Bilińska, & Ledakowicz, 2019 ). Such treatment methods are more environmentally friendly and use plants/microbes or enzymes.
  • What technologies are used for the sustainable use of pulp and paper wastewater?
  • At present, technologies for the sustainable use of pulp and paper wastewater primarily include sewage treatment, biological treatment, recycling, and comprehensive utilization . Among them, sewage treatment is the most commonly used technology at present; its purpose is to reduce pollutants in wastewater.