anionic polyacrylamide(apam) used for bored pile bored in saudi arabia

anionic polyacrylamide(apam) used for bored pile bored in saudi arabia
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  • What is anionic polyacrylamide (Apam)?
  • 1. Introduction Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is a kind of organic high-molecular polymer with high hydrophilicity and viscosity, which is easily dissolved in water [ , , ].
  • What is a polyacrylamide (PAM)?
  • 1. Introduction Polyacrylamides (PAM) are high molecular weight polymers deriving from the polymerization of acrylamide monomers. Their chemical composition and ionic character depend on the functional groups added to the acrylamide chemical moiety ( Abidin et al., 2012; Acharya et al., 2010 ).
  • Are Apam polymers toxic?
  • EOR polymers, including APAM, are generally assumed to be relatively nontoxic ( Biesinger and Stokes, 1986; Bolto and Gregory, 2007 ). However, data on impacts on aquatic species, especially marine species are very limited.
  • How is anionic polyacrylamide synthesized?
  • Synthesis mechanism The anionic polyacrylamide was synthesized by copolymerizing AM and SAS monomers. The essence of copolymerization is the free radical reaction. Thus, this chain reaction can be divided into three distinct processes: initiation, propagation, and termination.