petroleum additive phpa anionic polyacrylamide polymer in netherlands

petroleum additive phpa anionic polyacrylamide polymer in netherlands
Tags: , , , , , , , , ,
  • What is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA)?
  • Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), consisting of neutral acrylamide and anionic acrylate groups, is suitable for use in water with <25,000 mg/L TDS 12, 15.
  • What type of polyacrylamide is used in oil industry?
  • The polyacrylamide use can be anionic, cationic, or nonionic with various ratios of the comonomers used in the case of the anionic and cationic polymers. The anionic polyacrylamides in the oil field industry are designated by the generic name of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), although they are in actuality copolymers .
  • What is a PHPA molecule?
  • The molecule of this polymer is a flexible chain which remains in coil-like structure in the absence of a shearing effect. The application of PHPA is limited due to high temperature and salinity (Uddin et al. 2002 ).
  • Which comonomer is used for the production of anionic polyacrylamides?
  • The workhorse comonomer for the production of anionic polyacrylamides is acrylate salts of acrylic acid. These anionic polymers can be prepared as various mono- and divalent metal salts and other positively charged inorganic and organic counterions of the polymerization of acrylic acid with acrylamide (see Fig. 34.4 ).