study of batik wastewater treatment using pac

study of batik wastewater treatment using pac
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  • Can batik wastewater be treated?
  • This process is a promising low-cost treatment for the batik industry, but it has not ever been replicated by other researchers, and its capacity to treat real batik wastewater is still unknown. Other physical treatments that have been successfully reported are adsorption and biosorption.
  • Does batik wastewater impose environmental pollution and health issues?
  • Batik wastewater may impose environmental pollution and health issues. The wastewater management issues on batik industry were briefly discussed in this manuscript. The conventional and current batik wastewater treatments were elaborated. Future green approaches and low-cost treatments for batik industry wastewater treatment were proposed.
  • How to treat batik wastewater in Malaysia?
  • Current and conventional treatments for batik wastewater Based on our current visit to specific batik industries in Malaysia, the treatment used is sand filtration-adsorption using activated carbon. Nuzul et al. (2025) and ( HTC, 2013) listed four other treatment systems installed in certain batik industries in Malaysia, as shown in Fig. 7.
  • What physicochemical methods are used to treat batik wastewater?
  • Previously studied physicochemical methods include photocatalytic treatment in a solar photocatalytic reactor involving a photocatalyst. The use of a TiO 2 photocatalyst to treat batik wastewater showed significant efficiency in two different studies ( Sridewi et al., 2011; Sutisna et al., 2017 ).