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The formation of fouling on an AEM will be affected by the composition of the solution, which includes various dissolved salts, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), crude oil, and surfactants. Experiments: Electrodialysis experiments were performed to desalinate feed solutions with different compositions, aiming to distinguish between
Influence of salts, anion polyacrylamide and crude oil
Influence of salts, anion polyacrylamide and crude oil on nanofiltration membrane fouling during desalination process of polymer flooding produced water Author links open overlay panel Ruijun Zhang Wenxin Shi Shuili Yu Wei Wang Zhiqiang Zhang Bing Zhang Li Li Xian Bao
Influence of salts, anion polyacrylamide and crude oil on nanofiltration membrane fouling during desalination process of polymer flooding produced water Article in Desalination 373:27-37
Analysis of anion exchange membrane fouling mechanism
Influence of salts, anion polyacrylamide and crude oil on nanofiltration membrane fouling during desalination process of polymer flooding produced water Article Oct 2015
Polyacrylamide (IUPAC poly(2-propenamide) or poly(1-carbamoylethylene), abbreviated as PAM) is a polymer (-CH 2 CHCONH 2-) formed from acrylamide subunits. It can be synthesized as a simple linear-chain structure or cross-linked, typically using N,N '-methylenebisacrylamide.In the cross-linked form, the possibility of the monomer being present is reduced even further.
Properties of Polyacrylamides
COMMERCIAL Polyacrylamides Major manufacturers of acrylamide polymers are BASF, SNF Floerger, Shangdong Tongli , and Kemira. Applications. Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) and its sodium salts (APAM) are widely used as thickening agent, binder, super absorbent, soil conditioner, filtering aid, flocculating agent, crosslinker, suspending agent, lubricant, and oil recovery agent.
The formation of fouling on an AEM will be affected by the composition of the solution, which includes various dissolved salts, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), crude oil, and surfactants. Experiments: Electrodialysis experiments were performed to desalinate feed solutions with different compositions, aiming to distinguish between
Salt effect on hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide
The emulsification of amphiphilic polymer is inevitably affected by the salinity environment in the preparation and flooding process. The variation of emulsions in stability and rheology has a significant influence on the efficiency of polymer flooding. Thus, the effect of NaCl and CaCl2 on the emulsification behavior of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (HMPAM) was investigated.
Zhang R, Shi W, Yu S, Wang W, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Li L, Bao X (2015). Influence of salts, anion polyacrylamide and crude oil on nanofiltration membrane fouling during desalination process of polymer flooding produced water. Desalination, 373(1): 27–37 CrossRef
The Impacts of Aqueous Ions on Interfacial Tension
Effects of asphaltene, resin and crude oil type on the interfacial tension of crude oil/brine solution. Fuel 2025, 223, 261-267. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.03.029. Mostafa Lashkarbolooki, Shahab Ayatollahi. Performance of sea water dilution on the surface free energies of the crude oils in water-flooded carbonate rock.
Based on the properties of high temperature and salinity reservoir, the water-soluble polymer with good heat resistance and salt tolerance can be obtained through copolymerization between 2-acrylamide-2-methyl sulfonate monomer (AMPSN) and acrylamide monomer (AM) in water. The star shaped stable complexes (STARPAM) with the star nucleus of β</i>-CD are prepared by living radical
- How does poly Aluminium chloride improve water quality?
- Poly Aluminium Chloride achieves this by generating hydroxyl ions and polyvalent anionic polymers, which facilitate the coagulation and flocculation of suspended particles to improve water quality. Coagulation: Poly Aluminium Chloride’s initial role in wastewater treatment is coagulation.
- What is high-purity poly-aluminum chloride (PACL)?
- Poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) is one of the common coagulants for water and wastewater treatment. A new Chinese national standard of PACl has been implemented, where the concentration of insoluble substances, iron and heavy metals is to be controlled strictly, then researches on the preparation of high-purity PACl are needed.
- Why is poly Aluminium chloride used in wastewater treatment?
- Coagulation: Poly Aluminium Chloride’s initial role in wastewater treatment is coagulation. As it is introduced into the wastewater, Poly Aluminium Chloride disrupts the electrostatic repulsion among particles, thereby causing them to aggregate.
- What is the optimal pH range for poly Aluminium chloride?
- Its optimal performance occurs at a neutral pH range of 6.5 to 7.6. Poly Aluminium Chloride achieves this by generating hydroxyl ions and polyvalent anionic polymers, which facilitate the coagulation and flocculation of suspended particles to improve water quality.
