Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Influence of pH
Linked polymer solution (LPS) is a nanoparticle system that consists of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) cross-linked by aluminum (III). The source of aluminum is an aluminum citrate (AlCit) complex, where citrate serves as a carrier ligand.
The hydrolyzed form of polyacrylamide (HPAM), a co-polymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, is the most widely used anionic PAM in oil and gas development as well as in soil conditioning. 1,9,12,21
Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular
The influence of the molecular weight (Mw) of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) on the cross-linking reaction of HPAM/Cr3+ and the transportation of HPAM/Cr3+ in microfractures is systematically studied using viscometry, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrophotometry, and displacement experiment with a visual microfractured model.
Herein, the interaction between partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and urea (UR) in an aqueous solution was characterized via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and two-dimension correlation spectra (2DCOS). The rheological properties of the HPAM solution (2000 and 2500 mg L−1) were studied as a functi
Influences of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM
The influences of temperature and concentration of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) residue on the treatment of simulated oily wastewater from polymer flooding were studied in this paper. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) were used as flocculant, respectively.
Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the water‐soluble polymer most often used in flooding applications in the petroleum industry. However, in aqueous solutions at high temperatures, HPAM undergoes hydrolysis of the lateral amide groups, and the presence of salts in the solution can lead to precipitation of this polymer.
Effect of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide
The molecular weight and hydrolysis degree of HPAM have no significant influences on these properties. The stability of PWPF can be enhanced by increasing HPAM concentration. Dependency of frequency and concentration was observed for the interfacial dilational viscoelasticity.
As a type of polymer flooding agent, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) has received significant interest due to its applications in tertiary oil recovery, especially in reducing liquid permeability, increasing sweep efficiency or microscopic oil-displacing efficiency, and some other aspects. 1–3 It is vital to the mechanism of polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery that the polymer flooding agents exhibit a relatively higher viscoelasticity performance following injection. 4
Influence of molecular interplay on the HPAM/UR
Herein, the interaction between partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and urea (UR) in an aqueous solution was characterized via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and two-dimension correlation spectra (2DCOS). The rheological properties of the HPAM solution (2000 and 2500 mg L−1) were studied as a functi
HPAM does not show any electrolyte uptake regardless of any molecular weight studied, and thin films of mid- and high-molecular-weight HPAM on silicon surfaces suppress lithiation of silicon. The resulting composite electrodes exhibit an electrochemical storage capacity greater than 3000 mAh/g initially and 1639 mAh/g after 100 cycles.
Polyacrylamide degradation and its implications
The hydrolyzed form of polyacrylamide (HPAM), a co-polymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, is the most widely used anionic PAM in oil and gas development as well as in soil conditioning. 1,9,12,21
The main type of polymer used is partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). This polymer still has some challenges especially with shear stability and injectivity that restrict its utility
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