polyacrylamide (pam) used as fracturing fluid additive in netherlands

polyacrylamide (pam) used as fracturing fluid additive in netherlands
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  • Are polyacrylamide based friction reducers a slickwater hydraulic fracturing fluid?
  • Technol. 2018, 52, 1, 327–336 Polyacrylamide (PAM) based friction reducers are a primary ingredient of slickwater hydraulic fracturing fluids. Little is known regarding the fate of these polymers under downhole conditions, which could have important environmental impacts including decisions on strategies for reuse or treatment of flowback water.
  • What is polyacrylamide (PAM) used for?
  • npj Clean Water 1, Article number: 17 ( 2018 ) Cite this article High molecular weight (10 6 –3 × 10 7 Da) polyacrylamide (PAM) is commonly used as a flocculant in water and wastewater treatment, as a soil conditioner, and as a viscosity modifier and friction reducer in both enhanced oil recovery and high volume hydraulic fracturing.
  • Is polyacrylamide a major additive in slickwater fracturing fluid?
  • Here we demonstrate that fouling of microfiltration membranes by synthetic flowback water is mostly due to polyacrylamide (PAM),a major additive in slickwater fracturing fluids. A synthetic fracturing fluid was incubated with Marcellus Shale under HVHF conditions (80 ℃, 83 bar, 24 h) to generate synthetic flowback water.
  • Does polyacrylamide cause membrane fouling during flowback water treatment?
  • Xiong, B. et al. Polyacrylamide in hydraulic fracturing fluid causes severe membrane fouling during flowback water treatment. J. Membr. Sci. 560, 125–131 (2018). Barati, R. & Liang, J.-T. A review of fracturing fluid systems used for hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 131, np –n/a (2014).